LOD 100 to LOD 500: A Practical Guide to Level of Development in BIM

Level of Development — often abbreviated as LOD — is one of the most misunderstood concepts in BIM. It defines not just the visual detail of a model element, but more importantly, the reliability of the information attached to it. Getting LOD right from the start prevents a huge amount of confusion and rework as a project progresses.

LOD 100 — Conceptual

At LOD 100, elements are represented symbolically. Think of a massing model — approximate shapes, volumes, and orientations. This stage is useful for early design decisions and feasibility studies. Quantities extracted at this stage are approximate and not for procurement.

LOD 200 — Approximate Geometry

Elements are modelled with approximate size, shape, location, and orientation. Generic placeholders are common. Design intent is captured, but detailed coordination is not yet possible. Cost estimates at this level carry significant contingency.

LOD 300 — Precise Geometry

This is where coordination begins in earnest. Elements are modelled with accurate dimensions, quantities, and spatial relationships. Shop drawings and clash detection become viable. Most design and construction documentation is produced at LOD 300.

LOD 350 — Construction-Ready

LOD 350 adds the interfaces between systems — connections, supports, clearances, and the relationships between trades. This is the minimum level required for meaningful MEP coordination. At AxioBIM, most of our coordination deliverables target LOD 350.

LOD 400 — Fabrication Level

Elements contain fabrication, assembly, and installation information. Ductwork segments are sized for pre-fabrication. Pipe spools are detailed. This level is used for off-site manufacturing and contractor shop drawings.

LOD 500 — As-Built

The model reflects the actual installed conditions. Verified field measurements are incorporated. LOD 500 is the basis for facilities management and handover documentation.

Practical Takeaway

The key is to agree LOD requirements by discipline and by stage — ideally in the BIM Execution Plan — before modelling begins. Demanding LOD 400 at design stage wastes time and money. Receiving LOD 200 when coordination is needed creates clashes and delays. Clarity upfront saves everyone.

If you’re unsure what LOD to specify for your next project, our team is happy to walk through it with you.